
A high-rolling Hushpuppi gets extradited to the United States, Carole details her problems with clipboards and Disposophobia, and our guest becomes the subject of fake news during the Senegalese election.
All this and much much more is discussed in the latest edition of the “Smashing Security” podcast by cybersecurity veterans Graham Cluley and Carole Theriault, joined this week by investigative journalist Michelle Madsen (or is it Michelle Damsen? Hmm…).
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Smashing Security, episode 186: This One's for All the Karens, with Carole Theriault and Graham Cluley. Hello, hello, and welcome to Smashing Security, episode 186.
My name is Graham Cluley.
Yeah, I was just about to move to Berlin, and then the lockdown happened, and I didn't have a sink or an oven in Berlin, so I was, oh no, I'm gonna have to go back to the boat, which is inevitably gonna have a disaster if I don't look after it.
So I came back to the boat and then got stuck in London for a month and a half with some very rowdy ducks and some very nice other boat people.
And so I spent a lot of time complaining about the joggers and then before I started jogging, I was interviewed by National Public Radio in the States about how much I hated the joggers.
I must have been quite sort of angry about them. And then I escaped.
I ran away to Watford because that's where everyone escapes to, and it's very hilly and pretty here, if a little bit weird and rainy.
But now it's all fine and I'm on the radio and I'm on the podcast with you guys, so that's amazing.
Now on today's show, Graham introduces us to the crazy world of Ray Hushpuppi. I used to love my Hushpuppies.
Michelle shares her fake news whodunit, and I tell a sad privacy tale of copy and paste. All this and much more coming up on this episode of Smashing Security.
They've invested their effort, their time, their money, investing in infrastructure, hiring malware developers and programmers and hosting sites in their attempts to make a fortune.
And what have they seen?
What they've seen is that it's easy, it's a doddle for anyone to steal $1 million simply by sending an email through and asking their victim to wire through a chunk of cash.
One of the biggest growing forms of cybercrime. You're a Daily Mail journalist.
No, I mean, if you read the FBI reports, billions of dollars are being lost every year by companies who basically have people scamming them, who get emails claiming to be from the CEO or claiming to be from some sort of supplier, asking them to send money into a bank account for work that's been done.
And it works really well. So why write ransomware? Why hack into organisations and do really sophisticated stuff if simply sending an email works?
That's what cybercriminal gangs have been questioning themselves. They've been looking at their navel as a result. Because seriously, any bozo can do this.
Because if you go up and look on Ray Hushpuppi's Instagram account, which is still available and live up there, you will see picture after picture of him in front of very expensive cars in his Mr.
Hushpuppi dressing gown. You will see him in front of private jets.
He likes his flash cars, his designer clothes. But he left a digital trail online, which led investigators to his door.
Because police believe that he has been responsible for scams which have laundered, well, hundreds of millions of dollars.
He is accused of running an operation which targeted businesses around the world, tricking them into wiring money into his accounts.
One of the targets was an unnamed English Premier League soccer club, for instance. In another case, they tried to get £200 million from a company running out of Edinburgh.
And bad guys are doing this rather than writing malware so much. Anyway, he's been caught by Dubai police. They've seized 21 laptops, 13 cars, 47 phones.
And obviously, there's lots of photographs you can still check out as to his extravagant rather ostentatious wealth.
But the point I really wanted to make was about criminal gangs who are now moving into this area as well.
There is a cybercrime gang, according to the researchers at Agari, who I always think should be pronounced "ay-garry," but they have been monitoring a gang called—
Now, they've previously been involved with banking Trojan horses like Emotet and TrickBot, and Android click fraud malware.
Since middle of 2019, however, they've moved their attacks into targeting companies in 46 different countries, 6 continents, targeting senior execs at Fortune 500 companies, 3/4 of whom had titles like general manager, managing director, vice president.
And now they've decided, hey, we can make money for less effort and maybe greater success using this method instead. And the way they do it is this.
They will email, say, the vice president — I don't mean Mike Pence when I say vice president, I mean any sort of vice president. They will pretend maybe to be the company's CEO.
And they ask the sort of second in command or someone in the chain and they say, look, we are close to acquiring an Asian company as part of our expansion and we want you to work with an external legal counsel to coordinate the payments.
But it's obviously on the hush-hush, got to be quiet. It's very sensitive, tell no one, commercially, don't tell anybody.
And we've seen these sort of attacks before, but because this is the Cosmic Lynx gang, they do this with a really high level of professionalism.
So you don't just get contacted by one scammer pretending to be the CEO.
You also get contacted by people who pretend to be legitimate attorneys at a UK law firm, for instance, whose name will show up.
And if you were to look them up on LinkedIn, there they would be. But in fact, it's the bad guys again, and they're really good at it.
No spelling mistakes, genuine-looking boilerplate, they know all the lingo. And they even, when they start the emails, they'll say, you know, I hope everyone's doing well.
You know, what a terrible time this is, they mention COVID-19 or how lockdown is looking for the company.
And as they begin to ease up, it's a message you would expect to get from a CEO or from a legal firm. And it's really working.
One of the things I would recommend to organizations if they're worried about this, and they probably should be worried about business email compromise, is setting up DMARC so that your mail server— I know this is a bit nerdy, this.
We'll link to some stuff on the web so you can read more if you haven't already done it.
What you can do is you can protect your domain so that if criminals try and pose as you by using your domain, by forging an email, email systems can reject that email and say, well, that authentication doesn't appear to match.
It's not entirely foolproof. They can still send you emails, but they won't be quite as convincing. And so they're more likely to be suspected.
I don't want people pretending to be me, as if, you know, as if they would.
But what I found was that the account software which I use, sends invoices to people pretending to be my email address.
And so some of my clients weren't receiving my invoices because they were being sent by my partner, not me. And it didn't work with DMARC. So it doesn't work.
So in January of 2019, my name was used— a name very similar to mine was used to basically smear a guy called Ousmane Sonko, who was one of the main runners for the presidential race in Senegal.
I usually write about UK-based companies or individuals who are doing things untoward in West Africa because I started off working as a staff writer, a staff editor, writing about extractives, and I ended up writing a lot about Africa because it was in the same time zone.
And because of that, I just ended up going to all these bizarre conferences and encountering lots of very interesting people who were involved in the mining and oil and energy industry.
And I was really thinking, oh, so they all have offices in Mayfair and they all seem to have registered in the UK and they're on the alternative investment market, they're part of the London Stock Exchange, and yet I absolutely know that there's something very dodgy going on here.
So that was kind of— that became my practice as an investigative journalist. That's what was always interesting.
Because as a freelance investigative journalist writing about people who've got lots of money and power, there are certain advantages to not putting your name all over the place.
And I worked alongside groups from Global Witness, and I've written bits for Private Eye and Africa Confidential and other publications.
So I was to people who knew that world, they might have known me a little bit, but somebody from Ghana probably wouldn't have come across me before.
So this story went out on Modern Ghana and the author was called Michelle Damson.
So what happened basically was it didn't affect anyone in Ghana at all, but within minutes of this story going out, it had been sent round with some documents to a whole bunch of different publications in Senegal.
And obviously it mattered a lot to people in Senegal because that was where the election was going to happen in a few weeks' time.
And so all of the papers in Senegal were saying, is this true? Has Ousmane Sonko taken this massive bribe from Tullow Oil, which is a British oil company?
And who is the author of the story? Who is Michelle Madsen?
And then when the story goes around out in Senegal, a couple of publications including Dakar Actu and some of the blog sites put out some evidence which were some letters from Tullow Oil which said, "Ah, Ousmane Sonko has given us some help and we're going to pay him some money." But these letters were definitely not made by, was it Cosmic Links?
Because they had put the Tullow logo right in the middle of the page and—
And after about 24 hours, this really fantastic fact-checker at Agence France-Presse called Anne-Sophie Febvre-Cadras, she's, "Wait a minute, I've seen that text before." And she found out they had been taken from a statement that Oxfam had put out on one of its websites about some project it had done.
So she basically disproved these documents. But by that point, loads of photos of me have been taken off my Facebook account and put on the papers in Senegal.
But this Michelle, right, rather than Michelle Damson, this Michelle we've got on right now, Michelle Madsen, has a history of writing articles about West Africa and about organisations, you know, doing stuff and messing around with politics.
We'll put a link to it in the show notes, and it's totally worth listening to. It's unbelievable.
Anyway, sorry, I just want to make sure that people can have the whole show, because we're getting a kind of good synopsis here.
Because it was a fake news story. And like, who stood to gain from it? Because we took a look at fake news through this kind of little prism of this news story.
But we are in such a strange moment in the world, or maybe it's a perfectly normal moment in the world and everything else was strange.
But the way that the media works, what's truth, what's lies, who's manipulating who... It's happening everywhere all the time. And this isn't just a story about Senegal.
It's a story being planted in one publication in one country and then being picked up in another country with the name of someone who sounds a bit like a journalist in a completely different country being linked out over to the States.
So it's kind of the global nature of how this information and misinformation spreads. And also what happens once you throw muck out there.
And it sticks even if it's disproven, because words have that ability to kind of click into your brain.
And if you sort of see, oh, you know, a politician's name and massive bribe in the same story, even if it's been disproven, politician did not take massive bribe, the words politician and massive bribe are still in the same stories.
And my name and Damson's name are still in the same story. So it's really about how do we get affected by news?
Stays with us, what do we believe, and how easy is it to spread rumours about people. Very.
And so what's happened since? Has that changed stuff for you?
I got this rush of messages on Facebook, on Twitter, my phone kept ringing, I was hounded for about a week and a half.
And because I'd actually got some funding, and there's 3 of us journalists, Shanna Jones, who's also an associate with the Center for Investigative Journalism, and Kaba Mohammed, who is a fantastic Sierra Leonean journalist we had got together to investigate a really important story about how BP got hold of a massive gas field just on the coast of Senegal from a guy called Frank Timmis.
And this had been a story I've been working on for years.
We've got funding to go and investigate it, but 3 independent journalists going to Dakar investigating something really sensitive.
And because of this story, it really compromised my ability to do a good job with this, because every time I went into a meeting, everyone was like, oh, you're Michelle Damson.
I was like, no, I'm not, I'm Michelle Madsen. But I realized that the ridiculousness of my identity had kind of been heightened by this.
And then also Panorama, we got scooped on the story by the BBC.
So Panorama, that's a bastard Well, they got a 17-gigabyte leaked cache of documents which completely blew our stuff out of the water, and then they put out the documentary 2 days after we got back from Senegal.
So we're okay, shucks, that's been screwed up.
But it was really— that's a really important documentary for Senegal because it really has highlighted the links between government and big business and what's going on.
And so this slightly ridiculous story about identity and fake news and cyber craziness is kind of a way of connecting with all of the different threads of the story.
And I just decided that my head had been flung out above the parapet anyway, and I was okay, I better own this and work on this.
And hopefully it will allow me to kind of go back and do some more investigative work around what's actually going on with the BP stuff, because ultimately whoever wrote this story, whatever happened, it's a small fry bit of news.
I think it probably did have some sort of impact on the election, but it's one bit of fake news in amongst a maelstrom of other stuff, which you'll find out if you listen to the program.
And it's very funny, we interview Ousmane Sonko, who's the politician who was smeared, and there are lots of little pointers which may suggest— we have our thoughts about who it could have been, but they're— that's it.
Yeah, you have to listen to find out more.
So you're now So I say move there, get yourself your iPhone, and then just start going investigating and do it on the fly.
Real time, real life, upload videos to Twitch about your investigations. You'll become the influencer, you'll become Mr. Hushpuppi.
Oh no. Something else happened at the same time that made us have to change the time, but I'm going to tell you what happened.
My inbox has 10,000 mails in all of my inboxes.
I think I'm at Desktop 14. And then I just leave it in a folder on the desktop and then I fill it up again. For real. Is that normal? Do you guys do that or is that crazy?
Digital disposophobia, the fear of organizing and disposing of things.
Okay, so you won't be surprised then that I use copy and paste and your clipboards on the phone to dump and collect stuff and transfer it over between apps and devices all the time.
I'm sure you do too, Michelle.
Would only an insane person assume that the only person that knows what's been copied onto your clipboard is you and your devices?
So they create a video, right? Saying, showing. Now this is how it works. So you have a clipboard and you've copied something over, right?
Let's say you copied over a URL or your password or your credit card number and you've pasted it somewhere. But once you've pasted it, it doesn't go away.
See, that's the big weird thing about copy and paste. You can only copy one thing. It only saves the last thing you copied. But after you've pasted it, it doesn't go poof.
You could paste it again, right? You can press Ctrl+V, Ctrl+V, Ctrl+V to your heart's content.
So imagine you've just taken your credit card number and you've transferred it over to a website because you want to buy something, and then you've forgotten all about it.
And when you then open up your TikTok app, for example, The first thing it does is goes and checks what's on the clipboard.
And then anytime you interact with that TikTok app, say for example, type a letter, check the clipboard, type another letter, check the clipboard, type another letter, check the clipboard.
Constantly.
Why do they need to know what's in my clipboard? Block Puzzle and Fruit Ninja?
Now what's quite cool about this list is they have obviously been, you know, shaming, calling out and shaming these people, and some of them have actually made changes.
Like TikTok is going to change that practice despite its very poor excuse. And other people ABC News used to do it, don't do it anymore.
CBS News used to do it, they don't do anymore.
It's worth bookmarking this misc.blog so that you can see what sites are doing it. And you've got to ask yourself, do you want these apps on your phone?
Because here's the problem, right? This is the big— this is my big, you know, I don't think I can bring my voice any higher.
And I'm just gonna put another I'm on the soapbox I have. Okay, so the reason this is news, this came out in March, but why is it news now?
Well, iOS 14 is about to come out and they're beta testing it. This is where a group of people test the new operating system to find bugs, vulnerabilities, and usability errors.
And this is a very important thing to do. And there's, you know, we're all excited about this new iOS 14, 'cause there's loads of new features, including some privacy features.
One of these privacy features is it's going to tell you when something grabs something from your clipboard.
So if you were, for example, using Reddit and you're clipping along and you type something in, it's gonna show you at the top going Reddit access clipboard, Reddit access clipboard.
This little message will pop down and tell you. So the people that have been testing this have been going, holy moly, whole story now has exploded again, which is great.
Now here's the problem. I went and looked at the iOS 14 page. 'Cause this is my big worry. I was reading this and I was thinking, uh-oh, uh-oh. Because this is what it said.
This is from MacRumors. I'm just going to quote them, right?
So the clipboard privacy function: when an app or widget accesses text that has been copied to the clipboard, iOS 14 provides a notification so you can know what apps are accessing the text stored on the clipboard.
Do you see the problem here?
For example, you might want to copy over a URL and Google might want to go, hey, I can get you to my app faster than anybody else because I'm your default browsing app.
So I'm just going to check your clipboard as you open my app and I'll just open the latest thing that's clipped there. Because I can do that.
But this explains a lot to me because, you know, of course a lot of companies now are saying, oh, we never really used that data. No one said sorry.
Everyone's just, oh, okay, well, we'll remove it.
Why would they want this? There must be some gaming reason. So I wonder if they're worried about too many presses or— I don't know, Carole, but it just seems— it does seem weird.
It sucks that iOS 14 or 15 is gonna notify us, but we can't do anything about it, making us all more insane than we are already.
Then go to the one place you want to copy it, copy it, paste it to the one place you want to paste it, and then copy the word fuck you or something like that.
So that, you know, stop reading my fricking clipboard. Maybe you could put in and then anyone who reads the clipboard will see that.
And maybe if everyone went, stop reading my clipboard, they might get the message. And people like the New York Times and The Economist will get their act together.
It's every time you turn your back, there's a whole pile of gremlins that come in and start going through your underwear. It's so annoying.
So I was just talking all— I wrote a whole story about copy and paste, and then about— I finished my story yesterday.
I then copied and then pasted twice, but accidentally copied it between 4 words.
And because I was using Notes, I'd lost what was in my copy and I had lost everything that I wrote 2 minutes before.
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Could be a funny story, a book that they've read, a TV show, a movie, a record, a podcast, a website, or an app. Whatever they wish.
It doesn't have to be security-related necessarily.
Of course, he wrote the soundtrack to many great movies. Sometimes the soundtrack was better than the movie. Sometimes they made the movies soar and be magnificent.
You know, I remember, oh, I just like The Good and the Bad and the Ugly, right?
What a dream that was.
And the one which really stands out for me—was as a 12-year-old boy, I used to watch BBC TV and there was a programme for adults, which wasn't very exciting for me.
It was very dull—it was about—it's called The Life and Times of David Lloyd George with Philip Madoc playing the Welsh politician. And the music—
And do you know that that theme tune, which is called 'Chi mai?'—I'm probably saying that wrong—which I believe is Italian for 'whoever'—that reached number 2 in the UK pop charts.
And it was a magnificent piece of music. And that's how I will always think of Ennio Morricone.
It was also used in an Asterix movie where Dogmatix is chasing a Legionnaire in slow motion, but that's not quite as poetic.
I will put some links in the show notes so you can check out that theme tune and maybe even watch an episode of The Life and Times of David Lloyd George as well.
It's a poem which is written by a Bristol-based poet called Malaika Kgobe, and she put it out on Twitter and Facebook, and it's basically a list of all the microaggressions I think she's ever suffered as a person of colour, and it's absolutely brilliant.
And I will include the link to it and I'll send it over to you. But I really super, super honest and straightforward and very funny and also very touching. And yeah, she's great.
She was published by the same publisher as me, Burning Eye Books. They're also a Bristol-based publisher, and she is great. I recommend her to you all.
She's not, I'm not nitpicking on my mom. I'm just setting the story, calm down. Oh, okay. So my mom, she's pretty awesome.
Graham's always had a bit of a penchant for my mom.
It managed to get into her own echo chamber. Oh no. And for those who aren't sure about the Karen meme, can you believe there's actually a Wikipedia definition?
And I want you, Graham, to tell me, yeah, this describes your mom, this is perfect or not.
Okay, okay, Karen is a pejorative term used in the US and other English-speaking countries for a woman perceived to be entitled or demanding beyond the scope of what is considered appropriate or necessary.
Depictions may include demanding to speak to the manager, being an anti-vaxxer, having a particular bob cut hairstyle. What? Particular hairstyle?
Yeah, as of 2020, the term was increasingly used to be a general purpose term of disapproval for middle-aged white women. Whoa. So this is pretty heavy stuff, right?
Oh, look at the Graham." So that's the kind of stuff that's happening. And anyway, so she calls me.
You know, anyway, so what is she supposed to do, change her name to Steve? No, don't do that.
This is the second campaign I've started in one show, and I'm asking you, dear listeners, maybe we shouldn't use a really common people's names as a way of describing something so awful?
For my beautiful mom's sake. And what about all the other Karens out there? The good Karens, the lovely Karens.
They're more professional, Michelle.
They can also listen to the show, which is on BBC Sounds, and it's called My Fake News Whodunit, and it was produced by my great producer Flora Carmichael, and it's a good listen.
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Hosts:
Graham Cluley:
Carole Theriault:
Guest:
Michelle Madsen – @mishmadsen
Show notes:
- Ray Hushpuppi's Instagram account.
- Your 2.3m Instagram fans won't stop the FBI… Web star accused of plotting to launder millions from cyber-crime — The Register.
- Hushpuppi and Mr. Woodbery, BEC scammers: Welcome to Chicago! — CyberCrime & Doing Time.
- Dubai Police operation Fox Hunt 2 against Hushpuppi. — Vimeo.
- Cosmic Lynx Threat Dossier — Agari.
- Domain Message Authentication Reporting & Conformance — DMARC.
- My fake news whodunnit: Caught up in a Senegal fake news scam — BBC News.
- The Documentary: My fake news whodunnit — BBC World Service.
- TikTok grabbing the contents of an iPhone clipboard every 1-3 keystrokes — Twitter.
- Popular iPhone and iPad Apps Snooping on the Pasteboard — Mysk.
- The Life and Times of David Lloyd George (with Ennio Morricone theme tune) — YouTube.
- Dogmatix chasing a Roman legionary, to the tune of Ennio Morricone's Chi Mai. — YouTube.
- An Abridged Micro List — Malaika Kegode on Facebook.
- Karen (slang) — Wikipedia.
- Smashing Security merchandise (t-shirts, mugs, stickers and stuff)
- Support us on Patreon!
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