
The Google Play Store has announced new policies that aim to kick out “free trial” Android apps that use underhand techniques to trick unsuspecting users into signing-up for expensive subscriptions.
As we described in the latest “Smashing Security” podcast with special guest Garry Kasparov, smartphone app stores have been infested with apps that charge users excessive amounts of money if they do not cancel their “subscription” before the end of a short “free trial.”
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My name's Graham Cluley.
It is probably the world's greatest ever chess player, chess champion turned activist, security ambassador for Avast. It is, of course, can only be Garry Kasparov.
You look outside and it's not empty, pretty empty, but still, for New York, you can just count cars crossing the street with the fingers on one hand.
Garry delves into the intricacies of our new COVID world. And I head to new horizons to see how a popular online game is being used for political ends.
All this and much more coming up on this episode of Smashing Security. Smashing Security.
I know, but I was actually not very happy with it because apparently Lynda Carter tattooed her makeup on her face in the '80s.
If you had a lookalike sort of escorting you around on your public events, then it could be quite handy, couldn't it, to have someone like that who's a—
I don't see it myself, but there you go. Now, of course, it wouldn't be fair to do this game without also uploading my own photograph. I have a 30% similarity to Larry the Cable Guy.
I think he was— I think he did a voice in the Cars movies of Mater the breakdown truck. But I'm also 93%—
You can even have your palm read, astrology and horoscope apps, face aging apps, et cetera, QR codes.
And I know that there's a lot of research being done now to fight back, but it will not be easy because the damage done by the image of, God knows, the president, the prime minister appearing and saying something could be immeasurable.
Today, however, it's not so easy to make that kind of judgment.
And of course, people just simply want to know what they're going to look like when they're 68. Like you do. You did.
Bit disappointing they only made a 70% match with Garry Kasparov, to be honest, for his own photograph. But never mind. Anyway, these apps are often labelled as free.
And the funny thing is that when you actually run the apps, what you find is just about every feature inside the apps is one that has to be paid for.
Now, I managed to find an app which didn't require me to do any payment, or at least I was able to do at least one run-through with your different images.
But there were other apps where it really tried to ensnare me and where they tried to ask for all kinds of personal information, like my name, my gender, my birthday, you know, scan your palm print for palm reading.
And then when you click the analyze button, then you are prompted to start a free trial.
If I have an app and if it asks for any personal information, I kind of back away really quickly unless I have already researched that app to within an inch of its life.
'Now I want to see.' So I was doing one of these and it was scrolling images past me of George Clooney and Ronaldo and other hunks as though it were searching the database.
But it said, 'To reveal your match, you now need to sign up for the £7.99 weekly diamond membership subscription.' So what, you thought you actually were gonna look like Ronaldo?
Some of the top-grossing apps in the Apple App Store, according to researchers at Sophos, are doing exactly these kind of things and are making millions.
There is an app called Zodiac Master Plus, for instance, the 11th highest-grossing app.
And you have to jump through all kind of hoops, including buying a subscription to get anything. And although they will be promoted as free and they're promoted hard, by the way.
So there's advertising in TikTok, on YouTube, on Instagram.
And there are many complaints from people where they said, I saw the advert, I downloaded what was portrayed as a free app, and then they wanted all this information or they wanted me to subscribe and there was nothing which I could do, and some people— Yeah, you just delete it.
Well—
You have to go into your Android settings in the Google Play Store to actually properly unsubscribe from these things.
And it's a trial period, a week, but then to unsubscribe, it's so difficult that you just stay there. You don't want to push all the buttons.
So you may have a 3-day trial, and so you actually have less time than you imagine before you start ending up paying.
And people are leaving zero-star reviews, but these things are continuing to be really, really successful.
Over 100 million devices have installed what Sophos is calling fleeceware apps.
I think after a first year, it goes down to 15%, but it's still a serious wad of cash.
So just don't fall into this trap in the first place by subscribing or by doing the trial period.
But it's very hard for people, especially these days when we're all stuck at home in front of our computers. I mean, not to be tempted to do something which is called free trial.
Or they're with their friends and they're, oh, let's play a game. Let's see what celebrity you look. You don't realize that you're on an ongoing subscription fee.
Any app which asks you for lots of information before it gives you the goods or asks you to pay, think really hard about whether you really want to give that information and acquaint yourself with how to unsubscribe from apps, either on your phone or on your Google account.
What we'll do is we will link in the show notes to a description of how you can do that, because I think a lot of people aren't aware of just how— and to first of all, check what subscriptions you may have and make sure that you cancel them.
And it's always better, I think, to try out apps before you sign up.
So don't hand over any of your payment card information until you're absolutely sure that this is an app which is bringing some value.
And a lot of these apps actually are things which can be done for free.
And it was all about cybersecurity, about privacy.
And just out of my curiosity, I asked the audience, about 250 people, and it's not just ordinary people from the street, so that's the audience that attended the tech exhibition, how many people can find in their Google menu the button to forget?
People used to work online from their offices.
And it's a very different level of security because companies have spent decades building up enterprise security, administrators, tech support, consultants, layers of security, red teams, blue teams, you name it.
Encrypted phones, secure computers, and suddenly nobody's in the office. Yeah, I would call it the instant Hillary effect, as everyone has a home server.
Yeah, and it is as if you build a huge castle with thick stone walls and a moat to protect your people from the barbarian hordes, but suddenly you have to move everyone out of the castle into the fields.
The barbarians were at the gates before, but now there are not any gates.
And you don't have to be a rocket scientist to understand that very few people have a secure laptop to take home from the office or encrypted phone.
So, and every link in home security is going to be weaker than in the office.
So because people are used to a certain level of security, that's why they pay very little or no attention to the potential threats.
And the bad state actors are eyeing government employees and corporate espionage.
It's absolutely perfect because people are getting a lot of new information being sent, new links, new protocols every day. So that's easy. And good security isn't just tech.
It's, as I said, it's a lot of good habits and protocols. And those are all disrupted now. So even school kids are being switched around from one platform to another.
I mean, that all happened with the whole Zoom fiasco over the last few weeks with everyone kind of spiking towards using it and they not keeping up with security even though the checks weren't there, but everyone was in a panic.
So no one was really looking at the fine print.
And there's so much uncertainty now, and it's all new, and people don't know how to navigate in this new environment.
In that environment, it's even harder than usual to be cautious, to detect a phishing attempt.
It may be that you're a little bit more used to that, but now we have this larger community of people who never had any reason for working from home and they've had to relocate and they are experiencing this.
Chances are they haven't been given a laptop at the beginning of being isolated at home.
And so they're just making do with whatever they have, which might be running really old versions of the operating system, may already be infected with things.
Today, on the day we're recording this, it's the first Patch Tuesday since we all started staying at home. So Microsoft is pushing out operating system patches.
And I wonder how many people will be applying those at home and how people will be coping with that, because that's something which used to be done in your workplace by the IT department, and maybe they don't have oversight on your computer any longer.
Yeah, it's because countries like Russia, Iran, Turkey, China all have a long record of targeting journalists this way. But now it's a perfect moment.
So what the scammers were trying to get credentials to break into the official system and imagine the havoc they could cause and the potential value of knowing about treatments or anything else.
You expect some foul play from a sort of state-sponsored attack attacking someone like you?
But even smart hackers, they understand that there's so many new opportunities now because the crowd is in the open field.
And again, people used to be protected by the thick and tall walls. And now they're on their own and they don't even see the threat coming.
I spoke to people in Avast and they recorded several attacks on hospitals in Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Again, same story is collecting data and it's very difficult for people to understand that the threat is coming.
So because they're looking for help anywhere now, people are desperate and that's an ideal moment to send a message saying, oh, here you can get help you need, please give me your data.
So there's a really wide net to ensnare people into phishing ploys and other nasties online.
So it's something people really need to be careful about. And obviously we're all obsessed by the news at the moment. Well, I am.
I don't know, some people just want to put their head in the sand, don't they? Oh, well, I can understand that. Maybe for your own mental health.
So the Nintendo Switch, this is a hot ticket item in our PC world. I don't know if they have any chess games on the Nintendo Switch.
So there are many versions played in the world.
And they're actually posting online saying this is when they'll be available.
So I am having to log in every day and I don't know, pick flowers or something. It's absolutely, it's run by this Thom Nook, David Koresh-like figure.
Because most games, as far as I'm concerned, you're killing people, you're racing cars, you're engaged in combat of some sort.
And you're basically trying to grow this virtual island economy.
You can go fishing and then you can sell your fish at the market and you can collect bugs for a museum and all this kind of stuff.
Most people find this very charming, but not everyone does. PETA Kids put out a guide for vegans with an FAQ that said, is fishing in Animal Crossing vegan?
And their FAQ answer is, this is a biggie. You shouldn't fish in real life, so you shouldn't do it in the game either.
Well, you shouldn't really dress up animals either, should you? I mean, I think—
And with this new version of Animal Crossing, you can download this NookLink app on your iPhone or Android phone. All right.
So I could cover my island with pictures of Garry Kasparov, right, on my island, and people come visit and I call it Garry Kasparov Island. I could do that.
You know, you can show off, you can say, "Yeah, yeah, I got that pattern," or "Yeah, I got this really cool" or "I got this Smashing Security t-shirt." So why is this interesting?
Let's go to China, because this is not just being used for friends and family to connect, but people realise that maybe they can get a political message out using Animal Crossing.
Now I should say first that Animal Crossing isn't officially available in China and hasn't been officially available in China, but this has not stopped tons of Chinese gamers playing the game by getting it in what they call the grey market.
And this involves platforms like Pinduoduo and the eBay equivalent, Taobao, that's from Alibaba.
So these are just basically just places where you can buy not officially sanctioned, approved gaming apps.
And the reason they're all interested in this is Tencent Nintendo, we made a deal. So the Switch is now an approved console and available in China.
So everyone has these consoles, they want to play the latest games, and they're going to the grey market to get them if they're not officially available.
It's got a lot of connectivity power, and it wants to check everything out and make sure it's right for its market.
It's more about, you know, the images and the ideas that the customers can receive from playing these games.
And I imagine you can obviously have a conversation, you can have a date inside video games as well.
However, last week, this is where it all comes to a head a little bit, because last week, a young Hong Kong democratic activist, Joshua Wong, took his protest to Animal Crossing.
And because you can upload images and then create clothing or household items and whatever else on the island, he decided to do that and create a banner that says, "Free Hong Kong, revolution now," and then posted a screenshot of this image on Twitter.
Well, you can on Alibaba's Taobao, but it's difficult because some vendors are trying to circumvent the crackdown by directing potential buyers towards a listing that sell the game without using the title in the description.
So it's basically, it's not there. You can't see it unless you go really digging.
It's something that cannot be put in a box and they cannot classify it. So they'd rather have it removed and erased. That's a normal reaction of any censor.
And he certainly, I mean, he put pictures of his island showing portraits of Chinese presidents.
President Xi Jinping and the World Health Organization head Tedros Adhanom at a funeral simulation with a sign saying Wuhan pneumonia.
He's trying to do some, you know, some shaky shaky to get attention.
Yeah, because there was a comparison made between President Xi and Winnie the Pooh, and I think Obama was Tigger.
Something as harmless as Winnie the Pooh upsets a country that great. Amazing.
You know, it's spread really quick. Everyone's playing Animal Crossing. You have the pandemic, which has everyone locked inside.
And then you have someone that has managed to use both those talking points to try and get attention from the media, including me covering it today.
But I think if you need, you know, I've learned how to chill with the game. And I think it's really good for both young kids and adults alike. I can see its benefits.
And you can play offline. You don't have to go online.
Yeah, because they say, thank you for inviting us to your island.
It's what I run on my computer, and any file before it gets uploaded to those cloud services gets encrypted with my own keys, which I control.
So the cloud service itself can't see the contents of the files which I'm putting on the cloud drive. It's all encrypted.
If you want a Boxcryptor personal license for private use or a Boxcryptor business account, perfect for the self-employed, go to smashingsecurity.com/boxcryptor.
Could be a funny story, a book that they've read, a TV show, a movie, a record, a podcast, a website, or an app. Whatever they wish. Doesn't have to be security related. Necessarily.
I thought we all needed a bit of a cheer up, so I found an amusing story in the newspaper all about— I don't— do you guys like surprises?
I'm not a big fan of surprise parties and things like that.
He wasn't actually a pilot himself, but he was working inside the Ministry of Defense over there.
And it was his retirement day, and his colleagues decided that they would organize a surprise for him.
And the surprise which they organized for him from an airbase in eastern France was to have a flight in a £65 million fighter jet.
With him in the back, and obviously a trained pilot in the front.
You're getting in it, mate." And they attached a camera to the top of his helmet. And they quickly sort of got him into the uniform.
They'd asked for permission from the Ministry of Defence. And they put him into the back of the plane. And I think he was a little bit apprehensive.
But you know how you feel when people organize something for you? Feel kind of like, I've got to go along with this. Bit like when Miko Hypponen had his ponytail cut off on stage.
You kind of feel you're going to ruin everything if you don't go along with it.
Similarly, when I played chess with Garry Kasparov at a simultaneous, I thought, I could beat Garry, but maybe this time I won't.
I'll just— it'll look bad, you know, so I'll let him win on this occasion, right?
And the fighter jet took off, and normally a plane ascends at about 10 or 15 degrees into the air.
This one was going off at about 45 degrees into the air, and within 10 or 20 seconds, this guy, because of the G-force and being thrown around because he hadn't been quite strapped in properly enough, he realized he needed to steady himself.
And so he grabbed hold of something and pulled, and it was the ejector seat.
And he was flung out of this plane into his parachute, was left dangling in mid-air on his last day at work.
Normally, when the ejector seat goes off in this particular plane, it also includes the pilot's seat as well. But it didn't happen on this occasion. I'm laughing here.
Apparently his helmet was ripped off, his anti-G trousers weren't fastened properly.
Now, thankfully, this 1,200 miles per hour jet managed to land safely, and the passenger who had been ejected, he fell into a nearby field and he is safe, just minor injuries, and he's safe.
But if it had happened at sea or somewhere else, it could have been much, much worse. And I just imagined the people in his office who arranged this. This will be fun for Bob.
Let's do this. They must have seen this scene of this guy being ejected.
But obviously a happy ending, otherwise I wouldn't have told this story. But extraordinary. And don't organise surprises for people. And that is why it was my pick of the week.
Disasters always bring this out in people, a tendency towards superstition and conspiracy theories.
And this behavior is for me, it's like going back to medieval times. It's like burning witches. Or throwing virgins into a volcano.
Yeah, by the way, Krakatoa just erupted, but finding virgins may be harder these days.
On the right, you have so many people who do not believe in climate change. On the left, you have people thinking that humans are the real virus.
And by the way, both sides have plenty of people who insist that vaccines are dangerous. This is what can happen without one vaccine.
Thinking it's going to be something nasty.
Even today in America, in the midst of this pandemic, you have a lot of people saying, oh, it's just, you know, it's like an ordinary flu or, you know, it's— the fact is that conspiracy theories, they sound more attractive.
So when the country is so divided, and it's not just America, I believe it's going across Europe, so it's so easy to sell fake news.
And that's why I'm not sure that even at the end of this crisis, pandemic crisis, so we'll have vaccination all over the place.
No, that's very clear that, you know, it's this, the vaccines, you know, it could save lives, but there'll be a lot of people saying the opposite.
Okay, first the daily fixers, the guys that need to read about it and want to have a different point of view.
So I have a friend based in Boston and she, among many things that she does, is an artist and she is currently creating an illustrative series on her day-to-day experiences since early March.
She returned from holiday to this whole new world.
And she has a young family, and the whole thing is drawn so fiercely and with feeling, and I just love it, and I wanted to share it with everybody.
So the artist is Maria Fotounakis. Her work is called Extraordinary Times: A COVID-19 Visual Journal, and the name is perfect because I think her work is extraordinary.
So you can find it on Webtoons, and I will put a link on the Smashing Security website.
Now, for those of you that need something entirely unrelated to what is going on, may I suggest reading the long Sunday article in New York Times called "The Weirdly Enduring Appeal of Weird Al Yankovic." Now, do you know him, Graham?
And it's, I listened— I read it and then I listened to it because I love Weird Al, and I remember all lyrics because I was about 12.
Garry Kasparov, I'm sure lots of our listeners would love to follow you online. Thank you so much for joining us on the show.
And we also have an active community on Reddit on the Smashing Security subreddit. And if you want to leave us a little voicemail, you can do that as well.
Go to smashingsecurity.com/voicemail.
Also, a huge thank you to this week's Smashing Security sponsor, Boxcryptor. Its support helps us give you this show for free.
Check out smashingsecurity.com for past episodes, sponsorship details, and information on how to get in touch with us.
It turns out that it’s all too easy for people to be duped into starting free trials of an app, not realising they will be automatically converted into a paid subcription.
Such apps are often labelled as free, but just about every feature has to be paid for… so if you want to actually experience the app you need to make an in-app purchase or sign-up for a subscription. However, if the apps cannot perform their most basic core function without requiring a user to sign up for a subscription – how can that be considered free?
In some examples, subscriptions could end up costing users hundreds or even thousands of dollars per year.

In an update posted yesterday, Google announced new rules for Android app developers wishing to have their app distributed in the Google Play store:
You, as a developer, must not mislead users about any subscription services or content you offer within your app. It is critical to communicate clearly in any in-app promotions or splash screens.
In your app: You must be transparent about your offer. This includes being explicit about your offer terms, the cost of your subscription, the frequency of your billing cycle, and whether a subscription is required to use the app. Users should not have to perform any additional action to review the information.
Google lists some examples of the common violations they have seen in apps related to free trial offers and subscriptions:
- Monthly subscriptions that do not inform users they will be automatically renewed and charged every month.
- Annual subscriptions that most prominently display their pricing in terms of monthly cost.
- Subscription pricing and terms that are incompletely localized.
- In-app promotions that do not clearly demonstrate that a user can access content without a subscription (when available).
- SKU names that do not accurately convey the nature of the subscription, such as “Free Trial” for a subscription with an auto-recurring charge.
- Offers that do not clearly explain how long the free trial or introductory pricing will last.
- Offers that do not clearly explain that the user will be automatically enrolled in a paid subscription at the end of the offer period.
- Offers that do not clearly demonstrate that a user can access content without a trial (when available).
- Offer pricing and terms that are incompletely localized.
To illustrate some of the methods used by fleeceware, Google shared images of an example app breaking store policies related to subscriptions and free trial offers.

Google says that any new apps or app updates published on Google Play from now on must abide by the rules, and that existing apps have until mid-June to come into compliance.
Apple’s guidelines already require developers to make sure their “app description, screenshots, and previews clearly indicate whether any featured items, levels, subscriptions, etc. require additional purchases,” but in my investigations there are still plenty of sketchy apps (many of which are related to astrology or celebrity lookalikes) that continue to behave in what appears to be an underhand manner.
I installed one such celebrity lookalike app on my iPhone, and when i hit search it instantly demanded I signed up for a £7.99 weekly “Diamond Membership” subscription, whilst tantalisingly scrolling pictures of George Clooney (I should be so lucky…) and other potential lookalikes up and down my screen.
Another celebrity lookalike app for iOS informed me that my wife was a “99% doppelganger” match with someone famous. The famous celebrity’s image was tantalisingly obscured through pixelisation, but could be unlocked if I agreed to sign up for what would turn out to be an expensive weekly subscription.
Sophos researcher Jagadeesh Chandraiah, who did the initial research into Android fleeceware and more recently has studied fleeceware in the iOS App Store, welcomed the news of Google’s change in policy, and tweeted that he hoped Apple would follow suit with tougher regulations.

